Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is gaining more attention as a preferred solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from industrial plants. Chemical absorption based on amine solvents is considered one of the most mature technologies for carbon capture. Here, optimization of CO₂ capture cost, as well as solvent management, are crucial for both the plant operator and the technology developer.

Our expertise in the field

Raman spectroscopy allows for accurate in-line process monitoring. The implementation of this technology can allow operators to reliably predict the total CO₂ and amine concentrations in changing process conditions and minimize solvent loss through close monitoring of variations in quality.

Residual purified gas exiting the amine process can be measured for trace impurities such as H₂S and CO₂ using TDLAS technology.

By relying on the Endress+Hauser Raman Rxn4 process analyzer, you can:

• Replace off-line analysis, such as NMR or titration, with in-line monitoring and real-time information without human interference
• Measure performance of the absorber, regenerator, and reboiler
• Minimize carbon capture plant downtime
• Optimize overall plant operation decisions
• Reduce cost of operation by reducing amine losses

Accurately measuring the flow rate of CO₂ in a dense, supercritical phase is a key application in long-distance pipeline transportation. In this phase, the CO₂ has a viscosity similar to that of a gas, but a density closer to that of a liquid, making its flow measurement a challenging task. Due to unusual variance in the thermophysical properties of CO₂ in this dense phase, special care must be taken to maintain the temperature and pressure in the pipeline.

Our expertise in the field

From design to on-site installation, we have experience and expertise to execute these complex CO₂ flow measurements while fulfilling regulatory quantity and quality parameters. Our project engineering centers around the world and fit-for-purpose portfolio of flow, pressure, temperature, and gas analyzers, ensure seamless project management and implementation.

• Coriolis mass flow meters offer reliable and proven technology for dense and supercritical phase CO₂ measurement, ensuring highest accuracy and repeatability
• Complete metering skid suitable for continuous operation at high pressure, often in the range of 250 bar. This includes the complete pipework, pipe fittings, valves and other associated process equipment being rated to ASME CL 2500
• Design in accordance with recommended custody transfer standards and approvals, right selection of wetted part
• Laser based analyzer (TDLAS) to ensure the quality of CO₂ by measuring impurities

CO₂ can be stored underground (sequestration) or used for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and other industrial purposes (e.g. synthetic fuels). Before pipeline injection, the CO₂ must be dehydrated to avoid corrosion and ice/hydrate formation. After dehydration, the gaseous CO₂ is compressed and liquefied for transport. Accurate moisture measurement optimizes dryer efficiency to ensure the CO₂ meets proper specifications agreed upon by the supplier and the transport vendor.

Our expertise in the field

With a large installed base for moisture analyzers in high-concentration CO₂ streams, Endress+Hauser has significant experience in providing gas analyzer technologies to ensure the quality of carbon dioxide. With our J22 TDLAS laser-based gas analyzers, we offer a reliable standard option for the accurate measurement of moisture in CO₂ while ensuring dehydration efficiency, uptime, and availability. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) means:

• Measurement updates every second, no field calibration, and very low maintenance 
• Very reliable construction using solid state sensing elements, ensuring plant availability   
• Easy to install and commission with health monitoring allows hands-off operation for years  
• Simple in-field servicing of electronics, optics, and sample conditioning components to minimize downtime 

Unlike CO₂ capture at the point of emission in heavy industries, direct air capture (DAC) extracts CO₂ from the atmosphere, therefore helping to achieve the goal of net-zero emissions. Since the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is significantly lower compared to CO₂ coming from traditional flue gas, the process is energy-intensive and requires long-term investments. Additionally, the CO₂ separation process is challenging.

Our expertise in the field

The high-concentration CO₂ captured is further treated and either stored in geological formations, utilized to produce synthetic fuels, or used as feedstock. Its quality must therefore be closely monitored. Benefits from using Endress+Hauser devices include improved process safety, control, and quality validation at key measurement points.

• Thermal Proline t-mass I 500 mass flowmeter ensures continuous monitoring of captured CO₂ with a great turndown, enabling detection of depleted membranes
• Pressure measurement with the Cerabar PMC51B pressure transmitter and temperature measurement with the intrinsically safe temperature sensor TM131 across heat transfer and filter equipment allow the unit to operate at the highest efficiency
• Maintaining superior quality of heat transfer fluid is achieved through monitoring pH and conductivity with the digital pH Memosens CPS11E sensor  and Condumax CLS15D conductivity sensor
• Best-in-class gas analyzers such as the J22 TDLAS moisture analyzer and OXY5500 oxygen
  analyzer ensure the quality of the CO2